![]() ![]() ![]() Findings identified a number of genes with previously known roles in the circadian clock, as well as several novel gene loci that had not been previously identified as having a role in chronotype or circadian rhythms. In our review, we discuss 3 recent hallmark studies using genome-wide association analyses for the identification of genes associated with trait chronotype. Expression of chronotype (across early and late types) is normally distributed in the population, which suggests that many common genetic variants with modest effects contribute to the phenotype. This review discusses the findings of these landmark GWASs in the context of prior research.Īn individual’s tendency to be a night owl (late chronotype) or a morning lark (early chronotype) is influenced by his or her genetic makeup. ![]() Three recent large-scale GWASs of chronotype were conducted on subjects of European ancestry from the 23andMe cohort and the UK Biobank. In the advent of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), scientists now have the ability to discover novel common genetic variants associated with complex phenotypes. Although discoveries from molecular studies of candidate genes have shed light onto its genetic architecture, the contribution of genetic variation to chronotype has remained unclear with few related variants identified. Family studies indicate that chronotype is a heritable trait, thus directing attention toward its genetic basis. As variations in circadian timing and system perturbations are linked to disease development, the fundamental biology of chronotype has received attention for its role in the regulation and dysregulation of sleep and related illnesses. Chronotype, or diurnal preference, refers to behavioral manifestations of the endogenous circadian system that governs preferred timing of sleep and wake. ![]()
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